Method of making thermoplastic compositions and products obtained thereby



, phenols Patented Oct. 23,, 1945 (UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 'METHOD OF MAKING THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS OB-' TAINED THEREBY Q George D. Martin, Nitro, W. Va., assignor to Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, M0., a. cor

poration of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 25, 1941, Serial No. 416,588,

28 Claims.

.This invention relates. to new thermoplastic products derived from rubbers and to the preparation of the same. More particularly this inventionrelates to products obtained by treating a; rubber with an organic phosphine halide and another material of the type hereinafter disclosed.

Amongthe objects of the invention areto produce new and useful compositions of matter derivedfrom natural or synthetic rubbers; to produce: a product of improved properties utilizing a rubber as a raw material; to extend the usefulnessof natural andsynthetic rubber and to advance the art. Other and further objects will in part be hereinafter particularly pointed out and Will in part be apparent from the following detailed disclosure.

.In accordancewith this invention it has been found that valuable products are obtained by. treating a rubber with an organic phosphine halide and a suitable modifying agent added during the course of the treatment. These agents are found in the final product in substantial proportion but usually in modified form. Thus the most useful modifying, agents are products which themselves undergo a change or reaction during the treatment. The preferred class of modifyingagents are aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons. However, other materials as for example materials capable of polymerizing in the presence of acid can be employed. In the case of materials capable of polymerizing or of reacting with themselves during the course of the reaction it is possible that the change is more or less independent of the reaction between the rubber and phosphine halide. However, the chemical changes-involved are obscure and are not well understood. It is therefore to be understood that this invention is not limited to any theory as to the chemical function of the modifying agent. Even materials believed to be chemically inert under ordinary conditions as for example paraffin wax have been found to be useful. Of course in such case it should be possible to add the modifying agentafter the reaction is complete but better results-are obtained by the addition during the course of the reaction.

fimong the modifying agents found useful are as for example phenol, naphthol, catechol, amyl phenol "and di-amyl phenol; phenolicresins as for example phenol formaldehyde and-phenol-ketone resins; polymerizable materials as for example styrene and coumarone indene distillate; hydrogenated cottonseed oil, glyceryl hthalate, sulfurized retene tar, abietic acid and aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons as for example phenanthrene, naphthalene, anthracene, retene, retene oil and rosin oil. In the case of retene a technical grade formed in the distillation of pine tar oil resulting from the destructive distillation of pine wood or rosin is entirely satisfactory. and is preferred.

The organic phosphine halides with which the rubber is treated include aromatic, aliphatic and mixed aromatic aliphatic phosphine halides or mixtures thereof. While phosphine halides having a carbon atom of an organic radical linked directly to the phosphorus are preferred other types may be used. For example the phosphorus may be linked to carbon through oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and the like. Likewise while chlorides are preferred for reasons of economy it has been found that usefulproducts are produced from the fluorides, iodides and bromides.

As typicalexamples of organic phosphine halides which may be employed in the preparation of the new plastic materials, may be mentioned the following but the invention is by no means limited thereto: phenyl dichlor phosphine, thiophendichlor phosphine, tolyl dichlor phosphine, 1,3,4 trimethyl phenyl dichlor phosphine, 1,3,5 trimethyl phenyl dichlor phosphine, xylyl dichlor phosphine, biphenyl dichlor phosphine, a-naphthyl dichlor phosphine, tetrahydro naphthyl dichlor phosphine, dichlor phosphine of meta diphenyl benzene, decyl phenyl dichlor phosphine, diethyl amino phenyl dichlor phosphine, dimethyl amino phenyl dichlor phosphine, tertiary butyl phenyl dichlor phosphine, ditolyl chlor phosphine, dixylyl chlor phosphine, tolyl dibrom phosphine, a-naphthyl dibrom phosphine, tolyloxy dichlor phosphine, a-naphthoxy'dichlor phosphine, benzyl dichlor phosphine, phosphazobenzol chloride, diphenyl amino dichlor phosphine, thiophenyl dichlor phosphine, anisyl dichlor phosphine, phenetyl dichlor phosphine, meta and para hydroxy phenyl dichlor phosphine, chlor phenyl dichlor phosphine, bromphenyl dichlor phosphine, ethyl phenyl dichlor phosphine, dibenzyl dichlor phosphine, diphenyl methane dichlor phosphine, xylyl dibrom phosphin'e, xylyl difluor phosphine, dinaphthyl mono chlor phosphine, naphthyl difluor phosphine, ditertiary butyl phenyl mono-chlor phosphine, decyl dichlor phosphine, heptyl dichlor phosphine, heptyl difluor phosphine, decyl difiuor phosphine, tolyl di-iodo phosphine, tolyl difluor phosphine, amyl dichlor phosphine, hexyl dichlor phosphine, butyl dichlor phosphine, amyl dibrom phosphine, diamyl mono chlor phosphine, cymyl the reaction of a phosphorus 'tri-halide with 'a' suitable hydrocarbon in the presence of 'a F'riedel-Crafts catalyst results in a composition comprising the organic phosphine halidefand catalyst and this crude composition may be"re-' acted with a rubber without isolating the organic phosphine halide. However, a certain amount of unracted ingredients are ordinarily separated before reacting 'with "the rubber. After heating litiiiid'hydroarbons as for example xylene, tolueheor 'petrmeum ether, with a phosphorus trihalidein the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride there-separates aftercompletion of the reaction a topla'yer whichcon'sists essentially of unreac'ted' hydrocarbon and'pho'sphorus trihalide anda s a'a ramoum' of the desired reaction product. The'top'l'ayer is. simply drawn off and reserves for future" preparations. The bottom layer contains-"the desired reaction product together with a small proportion of unreacted materials,

and most'cr'the catalyst, probably in the form off'a compiex orgamc additionproduct. It has been found that this'crude mixture remaining after separation 'ofthe'upper layer'is admirably suitedfor reacting directly with a rubber. While the above picture applies where "use is made of theproportions 'of"c'atalyst 'given in the litera ture ("seeLi'ebi'gs'Annalen, vol. 212, p. 206,207), it'h'as bee'n found that by increasing the proportion' of catalyst the rea'ctionis brought nearerto co'nfpletion so thateventually no layers separate. The 'entireireact'i'on mixture may then be reacted with a rubb'ersince the products produced, at V least for'thepurposes'of this invention, are equivalentto' tl'i'os'e' described above and in fact appear to' be idehtical in every respect. Alternatively the' criide reaction-product whether a bottom layer or an entire reaction mixture obtained with a higher proportion of catalyst, may be heated up to distill out. unreacted phosphorus trihalide and hydroc'arbon. Obviously the resulting productsiare'no'tj weight. for weight equivalents'of the products-just mentioned since they contain a higher proportion. of active constituent.' They will therefore be hereinafter referred. to as stri'ppedi: hydrocarbon phosphine halides. In order. to. distinguish therefrom the unstripped varieties may be called" crudef hydrocarbon phosphine halides; The 'generic'class of hydrodarbon'phosph'ine. halides made fromv a phosphor 'us trihalide and suitable hydrocarbon in the presence. offianhydrous aluminum chloride, whether crude. or stripped, containing most of th'e catalyst'used in thepreparations. will be identified in't'he disclosure following and in the attached claims'as "tech'nic'aP hydrocarbon phosphine'i halides.

The followingexam'ple' illustrates in detail the preparafiiom of a technical hydrocarbon phosphine halide but is'notiimitative ofrthe invention:

'Into a 'suitable glass or "glass lined reaction vessel fitted with a reflux condenser there was charged 600 parts by weight of toluene, 800 parts by weight of PC13 and 120 parts by weight of anhydrous aluminum chloride. The mixture was heated to refluxing temperature at which temperature it was maintained for "about 36 hours. When cool the reaction mixture separated into two portions. The bottom layer amounting to substantially 840 parts by weight was drawn off and either immediately reacted with a rubber or stored innmoisture proof containers since tolyl 'dich'lor phosphine and analogous materials bydrolyze. to. the corresponding acids. However, the 'presenceofsm'all amounts of water during 'tli .subsediien Hfaction with the rubber has no noticeableeffect. H

Whenithe'alum'inum chloride was increased to '140*-'p'arts in the above procedure, no layers separated.-

dbviously, compounds which are normally solids will. not separate as an unreacted liquid layer so that the phosphine halides prepared. therefrom. are preferably extracted from the cruder'eacti'on: mixture by a suitable solvent.

such asfpetroleum'ether, and the residue/after removal. of the solvent is employed as th 're-- Further purification serves no useful However, the. addition of asmall'proactant.

purpose.

portion of a Fried'el Craft'scatalyst; preferably anhydrous aluminum chloride, is desirable in.

orderv to promote the reaction with. a'rubber;

Crude tolyldibrom phosphine and tolyl di-iodo phosphine can be obtained by substituting PBra. and:PI3 respectivelyfor thePCls in the procedure. described forcrude:tolyldichlor phosphine and;

reacted with a rubber in the manner'hereinafter described in detail. Sin'c'ePFais a gas. somewhat.

difiier'ent technique must be employed'to prepare the organic phosphine: fluorides.

In. general, the particular apparatus employed,

the 'presenc'ehor'absencejof a'solvent; the temp'erature, 'time"and the. likeare'not critical factors1for obt'aining'products. within. the scope. of

this-invention andxmay be varied according to the. particular propertiesksought' in the final:

product. It is, however,. essential that the ingredients be brought'int'o intimate and uniform association ifz'it'isiexpect'ewto get reproducible results. To I this "endus of.- a solvent like benzene, toluene orcarbon disulfide is of: considerablesbenefit. 'In t'heabsence'of a solvent, the phosphine halides as. well as manyiof theimodifying agents tend towm'ak'er'therubber. slimy and;

slippery duringthe early-stages of the reaction. However, an efficient internaltype' mixer: of? corrlosi'on*resistantmaterial such as stainless steel:

will-givethe-properassociation of: the reactants.

Thi may .be of; the W8zP type ortrnodificati'ons thereof'hut in any; case there should-be little or Use "of nofree spaceabove the mixer'blades. well broken down rubber' further facilitatesthe. reaction. smalkamountssoft water are usually present f in rubber as We'lPas-in'retene. oilran'd technical? retenerfandi: since the' amounts are" more or less variable it is. usually desirable 'to'rem'ovev theiwater; before startingrthe reaction? as: for example by masticatinggtherubber and-retene at C." fora time. A Banbury mixer Uneven an ordinary rubber mill'may be used but in the latter caseit is. necessary to. enclose. the rolls.

and pass a dry-gasthrough the enclosureortowork: in: a; room of' controlled lowhumidity in. orderto"avoidthydrolysis cfi'the phosphine halide. The latter must be added"slow1y until the.-slip-.- pery stage has: passed after. whichrthe remainder.

2,887,521 may beadded at a fairly rapid rate. "ln addi tion the batch sizeshould be kept well below that whichwould normally b employed in milling rubber alone. Tight rolls anda s'mall bank both aid the mixing: i Once the reactants have been i thoroughly mixed so that the mass is homogeneous throughout it may be removed and. placed in an ordinary oven to complete the reaction.

In general it is believed that a more efiicient and more readily controlled reaction can be had by working in a rubber cement. The preferred operation is to treat the rubber initially with the phosphine halide and' after efiecting a partial reaction, add the modifying agentand continue the reaction. On the other hand, good results have been obtained by mixing all the ingredients at once or alternatively mixing the modifying agent and phosphine halide and then treating the rubber with the combination.

The following specific examples will illustrate the invention in detail and are .tdbeunderstood as d scriptive and explanatoryjbut notalimitative.

and stirred on a hot water bath for about eight hoursaijter which a Liebig type condenser was substituted for the reflux, condenserand the soltinued for a short time after distillation had substantially ceased and then live steam was intro: duoed [and] after a thorough steaming out, the

. ventremoved by distillation. I Heating was. conpro ct waswashedwith water on a rubber ,mill

l eferably on a mill having. corrugated rolls or teacher equipment adapted for washing tough plastic products. The washed product was dried to constant weight, as for example by milling on a hot mill followed by heating in a vacuum oven. In this manner, substantially 305 parts by weight of a brownrubbery product was obtained. It compounded readily and gave good; although somewhat lazy curesu pon heating ina press in the 'presence of ;zinc oxide, sulfur and acceleratorl A Harder products giving snappy cures are obtained byusing lower proportions of retene and initially heatingthe rubber with the phosphine halide for a short time before adding the retene as illustrated by the following example.

Example II a A rubber cement was prepared'by dissolving substantially 100 parts by weight of palecrepe rubbercina suitable solvent as for example carbon1.bisulfide. To the cement so prepared containedin a suitable vesselfitted with a reflux condenser. and stirrer there was added substantially 100 parts by weight of crude tolyl dichlor residue worked up all substantially as described in Example I. In this manner, 229 parts by weightof aytgugh brown rubbery product was obtained, which compounded very much'like india rubber but possessed useful properties not found in the latter. A vulcanizate prepared from a stock consisting of 100 parts of the plastic, 10

parts zinc oxide, 0.5 part stearic acid and 1.5 parts meroaptobenzothiazole (all parts are by weight) was highly resistant to attack by ozone or solvents. After 72 hours immersion atroom temperature, the swelling was 6% by volume in kerosene and 19% by volume in benzene.

solvent. The rubber was first thoroughly masticated in the mixer, the crude tolyl dichlor phos I phine added and the mix heated for one hour at 100 C. The technical retene was then added and the reaction continued for eight hours at the same temperature; The product was'then washed thoroughly with water and dried to constant weight (214 parts). The dry product was harder than that prepared in a solvent. When used in place of smoked sheets of rubber in a typical formulacarrying 40 parts of carbon black, the cured stock exhibited 23% byvolume swelling in kerosene and none in lubricating oil after 72 hour immersion atroom temperature.

It showed no cracking after under stress to ozone.

The substitution of the technical retene by pure retene increases the hardness of the resulting 6 minutes exposure products but obviously increases the cost of the product. Furthermore, cheaper modifying agents may be used where harder products are desired. For example a hard plastic material was obtained by heating substantially 100 parts by weight each of pale crepe rubber and crude tolyl dichlor phosphine for two hours in carbon bisulfide, adding parts by weight of styrene and continuing the reaction for eight hours.

. a comparable rubber stock.

' Example III This exampleillustrates the use of hydrogenated cottonseed oil as a modifying agent. Substantially parts by weight of pale crepe and 100 parts by weight of crude tolyl dichlor phosphine' were heated at refluxing temperature in carbon bisulfide for onehour, 100 parts by weight of hydrogenated cottonseed oil added and the heating continued for 12 hours. The solvent was removed and the product worked up as described in Example I. The resulting tough rubber product was particularly amenable to handling and compounding and gave good snappy cures when heated in the presence of zinc oxide, sulfur and accelerator.

A product very similar in physical properties was obtained by replacing the hydrogenated cottonseed oil with a phenolic resin. The latter was a cyclohexanone phenol reaction product. Obviously other phenolic resins may be used as modifying agents; a I Example IV Coumarone-indene distillate is an especially.

valuable modifying agent since products whose physical properties fall approximately between rubber and leather can be obtained. For example,in one typical preparation, 100 parts by weight of pale crepe rubber and 100 parts by weight of In another run the reaction was carried out in'a stainless steel mixer in the absence of a In another variation the styrene and crude tolyl dichlor phosphine' ude t lx .1 qr. irhp phinee e et h ate r ab t QO Substantially; 100 parts by; .weig ht of crude cyrnyLdicl'ilpr phpsphine was addfidttoaa carbon. sul de c ment. c n ainin p r. by; wei ht 2 Carbon sulr scribed in pxamplel t0: obtainZZfi p lfi b twfll bfi. I t s t enand, more rubberyltha othe originalreclaim Tube reqla m, was dereflfi ii nfe hehsamelmanne nqfl und-t ehave similarly-.

r is mewn thard eriqfiqmnoundedcomprising: t

' Stock Paris by Pam: bu

weight weight Product from whole tire reclaim 100 Productjiromjubereclaim,

; .-{Ihe, products vcompounded and handled better I thanthe. reclaimsemployed as starting materialsand cured nicelytby-heating in a press inthe usual manner. The cured products were found tdbe highly resistant to attack; ,by organic liquids.

of ,pal? 11 26. r bberhe mixturewas i t da For example, the A stock showed no measurable and heated at refluxing temperature for. ab out 90.;l minutes, 100 parts by weightofi technicaltretene, d ed; imthel eeiinai ontinued,iq 1 41mm he;solv nt;wa e en-tr moyede theatres" esh dan ied substa tially, a edese ibe xam le -ff here was jobta nedzzz? apart. eie p a sl htly taq xb ubb ryprodncvte ztec eekr-wwas mad n-ic mn sinal l attseoit thisjpr oduc p t fiafit xtz liparits oxide increase in volume in gasoline, lubricatingoil or t e sp nen t lai e 2 o rs mm sion at 'roorn temperature. The B stock showed no swelling in' kerosene under similar conditions;

. Examp e, VII j Substantially -100 partsby weight of p-naphthe oxy tdichlor -phosphi-ne and substantially 3 rts; bylweight of 'anhydrous aluminu'm chloride were 5 parts sulfun; 3 parts stea ic; acid, -2 pelts epillzleblamadded to-acarbon bisulfide cement containing n nd -5 p r s.e:m rcaptobenzeth ze emarten. are by weight) and;cured,in a press .113 u ually. manner; The I cured product (was; resistant to. 312113. v tag g. b ozone a d skewed negli ible; swellin m.

ix-12. ature;

e qmzz 111':

l l d qhlo fihe eine bisulfide cement cont parts by weight of guayule, nit" nix-1mg was stirred and heated at refluxing temperature for qlite n h uh l 09 art b ;wei ht..ot-technica temperature for ,ab'oiitl an hour, 10o parts .by

op e 1W5; forfl h tenaxl le resulte pa t b we h ,o a ,-seitisticlsye u beryeprpdu ts The u titu ion balata-,- .fqrltheeeuanulelon, eopr n W; kemseewes s rtsstickytgrubbi rre prqd s f These s kya' c usrubbers;m t ria eharetal variety of industrial applications parti cnlar ly in em in t o iwithzot er umse rde sm to -inles ,the aekeansi i tee :pren rat nnieadhee .4 sives I 7 mmslelwtr an ia l fi g ertst yl weiaht.=q d este whole tire reclaim was suspended in carbgn sulfide, 100 parts by weight -oicrude tolyl dichlor r er! and ",1. i ubh iti ee d s lv di nlbathe?l eiiles eleiisijal substantially parts by weighti of pale crepe rubberw The mixture was 'sti'rr'd and heated at reflu-Xingtemperature for about one near, 100 parts-byweight of retene (M. P. 985C.) "added" lu b eatingoil;atteri{72;hQM175.imm lfS QHeateI Qm-t40;;and -the heating and st i ri g rcontinued fqif 0 hours. The solvent was thnreinoyed and the product worked up allsubstantially as described in- Example I to obtain 2 l 2'parts by weight of .Webereele ntwesrresar d;b e i s lvinaloqr, ar-ts bywe sh ei ale res ubbe asuitab e,

l-Y n?as 'e amp ef ibe di u fide nto t e cement so 'prepared contained in a suitable vessel, tted w h eflleee eelees r an s ingmecn-M anism there was stirred 200 parts by weight, of

9d? hihy sphi e diehlq tis e t was thenapplied and the mixture stirred at refluxing eig tef e miea iteee cider; nd h a i tinud for ..18fho urs aite g which a Liebig type condenser'was substituted for the reflux condenser and the solvent reinoved by distillation.

; HeQQing WaS continued iona short time after dis.-

til 'on had substantially ceasedand thenfllive.

steagn was introduceduand after. a thorough steaming out, the produqt-was washedewitht waten-e on mill haying corrugated rolls and driedton eg con tweig ht as described in Example .I. The

d g; duct was soft and tacky.v

A il pr9duct resulted fromtreactin insub-l V sta nt ly thesarpe mannenrlm partsby weight. f 1 pa e 9 1699 w en, OQ-nart .bs: wei h f e ra Elasample s aatia 1 0Q- ar ba is to P l were di l lq .lnhqs nineand. .lqo artsl,

weight) mixture of substantially 9 parts by weight of anhydrous aluminum chloride and '75 parts by weight of tolyl dichlor phosphine (B. P. 115-l17 at 8mm. pressure) added to the cement so prepared. The charge was heated and stirred at refluxing temperature for approximately an hour, substantially 100 parts byweight of retene (M. P. 98 C.) added and heating continued 24 hours. The solvent was then removed and the product worked up all substantially as described in Example I to obtain 210 parts by weight of a white tough rubbery product.

A stock was made up comprising 100 parts by weight of the above product, 20 parts carbon black, 10 parts zinc oxide, 3 parts sulfur, 5 parts whiting, 1.5 parts mercaptobenzothiazole, 3 parts stearic acid and 2 parts pine tar (all parts are by The compound gave a good cure after heating 25 minutes in a press at the temperature of 40 pounds steam pressure per square inch. The cured product lost 0.8% by weight after immersionin lubricating oil for '72 hours at room temperature'and showed no cracking after 6 minutes exposure to ozone of a concentration suilicient to crack badly in 3 minutes a similar stock compounded from smoked sheets of rubber.

Example XI washed and dried all substantially as described in Example I. 211 parts by weight of a rubbery product was obtained.

Example XII Substantially 150 parts by weight 01 crude tolyl dibrom phosphine was added to a carbon bisul- ,fide cement containing 100 parts by weight of pale crepe rubber- The charge was stirred and heated at refiuxingtemperature for about one hour, 100 parts byl weight of technical retene added and the heating continuedfor about .48 hours after which the solvent was removed and the residue steamed outfwashed and dried all substantially as described inExample I. The dry product (238 parts. by weight) curedin the presence of sulfur,

zinc oxide and sulfur to produce a cured stock of about the same hardness as a stock similarly compounded and cured from smoked sheets of rubber. However theresistance of the former to gasoline, lubricating oil, turpentine and other organic liquids was vastly superior. The product obtained by treating rubber with tolyl dibrom phosphine in the absence of retene was only slightly superior to rubber in resistance to organic Example XIII Substantially 100 parts by weight of Hycar (a co-polymer of butadiene and acrylic nitrile) was soaked in a suitable solventas for example ethyliene dichloride, until soft and pliable, 100 parts by weight of crude tolyl dichlor phosphine was The solvent was removed, preferably by distillation and the residue steamed out, washed and dried to constant weight all substantially as described in Example I. i A very tough, non tacky rubbery product resulted.

Vulcanizable stocks were compounded comprising Stock Parts by Parts by weight weight Hyear Hycar-tolyl diehlor phosphine-retene reaction product 100 Sulfun. l. 25 1.25 Zinc oxid 5 5 Stearic acid .l 1 l Dibutyl phthalate l 25 25 Gastex 60 60 Oycloliexylamino thio benzothiazole 0. 4 0. 4 Di(ben7.othiazyl thiol) dimethyl urea 0.6 0.6

The stocks so compounded were cured by heating in a press for 25 and 35 minutes at the temperature of 60 pounds steam pressure per square inch. The resistance to organic solvents was determined by immersing strips of the cured products in benzene for 54 hours at room temperature. Ozone resistance was determined by exposing the cured stocks for three minutes to ozone of a concentration which badly cracked a similar stock compounded from smoked sheets products of copolymers of butadiene and acrylic nitrile and an organic phosphine halide possess resistance to ozone and solvents superior to the original copolymers.

As will be appreciated from the foregoing description and examples a wide variety of rubbers both natural and synthetic are applicable in the process of the present invention. Accordingly the term a rubber is employed in the claims to define a vulcanizable plastic material which possesses high extensibility under load coupled with the property of forcibly retracting to approximately its original size and shape after the load is removed. Typical rubbers which can be used in this invention include for example, crude india rubber. reclaimed rubber, ground scrap, balata, gutta percha, chlor butadiene polymers, butadiene polymers and copolymers which include such well known materials as Perbunan, Hycar, Buna S and Buna N, guayule, chicle,

gutta-siak, juletong or pontianac, caucho, kickxia and manihot rubbers, olefine polysulfide plastics, 2,3-dimethyl butadiene polymers, 2- phenyl butadiene polymers, dichlor butadiene polymers, monoand di-olefine copolymers and the like whether or not admixed with fillers, pigments, accelerating or vulcanizing agents or other compounding ingredients.

Neutral retene oil can be used in place of technical retene with very similar results and is substantially equivalent thereto. Mixtures of neutral retene oil with rosin are also useful. Valuable products" were'lobtained; from. chlorinated retene land .from chlorinated parafiin wax' which apparently enters into chemical combination withtlie rubber or phosphine halidezor both;

Again this invention is not limited to the-2spe= cific examples and compositions set forth to illustrate the invention. Other solvents and other organic phosphine halides whether the pure compounds, mixtures thereof or the crude or stripped varieties and whether in the presence or'absence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst may be used in the preparation of the preferred materials as well as other meansof effecting the reactions. In addition other Friedel-Crafts catalysts such' as ferric chloride and stannic chloride may be employed. Other fillers, compound? ing and vulcanizing ingredients than those specifically mentioned may beutilized. Furthermore, the new products of this invention can beadmixed withother plastic or. resinous materials. This inventionr islimited solely by the claims attached hereto I as-part of. the, present specification.

What is claimed is:

1-. A- new composition oi-matter, comprising. a

modifie'dproductof: the-action of an organic phosphine: halide on a rubber obtained by intimately mixing arubber: withsubstantially. an equal proportion. by weight. of technical tolyl: di-. chlor' phosphine consisting." of the crude reaction product containing the catalyst complex of toluene and P013 in the presence. of aluminum chloride catalyst and effecting-amodification of the product by having intimately incorporated inthe mixture technical retene substantially equal to the weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence ofthe retene.

2. A new composition of'matter'comprising a modified productof the action of an organic phos' phine halide: on a rubber obtained by intimately mixing indiarubber with substantially an equal proportion. by, weight oftechnical tolyl dichlorphosphineeconsisting of the crude. reaction prod: uotcontaining. the catalyst complex of toluene aHdA'PGITiH thepresence of aluminum chloride catalyst and efiecting a modification-of the produ'ct byhaving intimately-incorporated in the mixture technical retene substantially equalto. the

weight of therubber and heating the mixture in product by; havingaintimately incorporated'in the mixture technical retene substantiallyequal to the weight-moi the rubber "andtheating the mixture initherpresence. ofthe. retene.

new compositionzof matter comprising.- a

modified: product: of; the actiona of an organic phosphine halide on a .rubber obtained by intimately mixing guayule? with substantially,- an equal-proportionzbyg weightv of, technical tolyl dichlor phosphine-consisting of: the: crude reaction product containing the catalyst complex. of toluene and PCI: in thepresence of aluminum chloride 'catalyst; and effecting a modification of other product y.- avingj intimately incorporated in 'the mixture technicali retenev WWWMUQ Y equal :to the. weight: of the .rubberand heating;t'he mixture in the presenceof the retene..

5; -A: new composition. of. mattercomprising a modified product of thesaction of anorganic phos-. phine halide on a rubber obtained by intimately mixing pale crepe rubber with substantially an equal. proportion; by weight of. technical tolyl; di ch1or-phosphine=consisting. of the crude reaction product containing the'catalyst complex vofitoluem-g and PCls in-thepresence: of. ;-aluminum= chloride catalyst and eflecting-a modification of the prod.- uct by having intimately incorporated in the mixture: technical retene substantially equal to the-weight of the rubberand heating-the mixture inrthe' presence of the retene..

6. The method-of.- makinga modified product of: the action iofan organic :phosphine-halideonaa rubberwhich comprises=intimately-mixing.-a. rub.- be-rs with; substantially an. equal proportion: by Weight of technical tolyl. dichlor. phosphine cone sisting; of. the crude reaction: product containing the. catalyst complex" of: toluene and: PCI: i in: the presenceoi-aluminum chloride catalyst andefiectinga modification of. the product-by, having intimately incorporated in the; mixturea technical retene substantially equal to. the weight. ofthe rubber and heatingthe mixture in the presence of the retene.

7. The methodof making a modified product of the action of anorganic-phosphinehalideton a rubber which comprises intimately mixing india rubber with'substanti-ally an equal proportion by Weight: of technical tolyl'dichlor. phosphineconsistingoflthe. crude-. reaction product containing the catalyst complex: of" toluene; and: P013 'inthe presence- :of aluminum chloride catalyst and eiTeetinga-modification of T the'vproduct' by having intimately incorporated in the mixture" tech:- nical retene substantially equal to; the: weight :of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of the retene;

8. The: method" of 'making a modified product ofrth'ez action of :an'; organic: phosphin'e I halide on alrubberrwhich' comprises. intimatel-ymixing india rubberwithzsubstantially an equal: proportion by weight of :1 technical .1 mm: dichlor' phosphine consistingLbf the crude: reaction product: containing-the :cata l'yst complexof toluene: andJPCl; in-the-presenceof aluminum chloride: catalyst and effecting a modification; of, the product" by having. intimately incorporated in the mixture technical retene substantially equal to the weight of a therubber and heating the mixture, in; the presence of=the retene.

9-. The method of making a modified product of the-action of an organic 'phosphine' halide." on a. rubber which. comprises intimately mixing guayule with substantially an. equal proportion by. weight-of technical tolyl dichlorphosphine consisting of the crude reaction' product containing. the catalyst complex of toluene and PClain the presence of aluminum chloride catalystand effecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture technical retene. substantially. equal to the weight of: the rubber and heating the. mixture: in..the:-presence of the-retene 10. The methodof. making a. modified product of. the actionof an organic phosphine v halide on a 1 rubber which comprises 1 intimately mixing: pale crepe rubberwithsubstantially an*-equa'lwproportionby weight of technicaltolyldichlor phosphine consisting, of the crude reaction...pro duct containing the catalyst complex of toluene-and PCla-in the presence of aluminum chloride; cata- .lyst and effecting a modification of the product i dinarily swell rubber and are absorbedthereby,

the properties being greatlyimproved over those mixture in the t mixing a rubber with of the original rubber in both ozone and solvents,

said rubber derivative consisting of the product obtained by intimately mixing the rubber with an aryl phosphine dihalide of the structure aryl where .r and y are halogen and a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon substantially equal to the proportion by weight of the rubber andheating the mixture in the presence of aluminum chloride.

l2. An elastic rubber like sulfur vulcanizable derivativeof a natural rubber which is resistant to cracking in ozone, has low absorptive capacity in lubricating oil, gasoline and other solvents which ordinarily swell rubber and are absorbed thereby, the properties being greatly improved over those of the original rubber in both ozone and solvents said rubber derivative consisting of the product obtained by intimately mixing the rubber with an aryl phosphine dihalide of the structure aryl where a: and y are halogen and a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon substantially equal to the proportion by weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of aluminum chloride.

-13. A new composition of matter comprising a modified product of the action of an organic phosphi ne halide on a rubber obtained byintimately mixing a rubber withan organic phosphine halide having at least one organic radical and at least one halogen atom directly attached to a trivalent phosphorus atom and effecting a modification of the. product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon at least in equal proportion of the weight of therubber but not more than twice the weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of the modifying agent. 14:.1A new compositionof matter comprising a modified product of the action ofan aryl phos- "phine halide on a rubber obtained by'intimately mixing a rubber with an arylphosphine halide having at least one aryl radical and at least one halogen atom directly attached to a trivalent phosphorus atom and effecting a modification of l the product by having intimately incorporated in presence of the modifying agent.

15. A new composition of matter comprising a modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halide on a rubber obtained by intimately an aryl phosphine halide of the structure where R is an aryl radical, a: and y are halogen and efiecting a modification ofthe product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion of the weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of the modifying agent.

16. A new composition ofmatter comprising a modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halide on a natural rubber obtained by initmately mixing a natural rubber with an aryl phosphine halide of the structure Where R is an aryl radical, at and y are halogen and effecting a modification of the productby having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion of the weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of the modifying agent. i

17. A new composition of mattercomprising a modified product of theaction of an aryl phosphine halide on reclaimed rubber obtained by intimately mixing reclaimed rubber with an aryl phosphine halide of the structure where R is an aryl radical, :r and y are halogen and effecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion of the Weight of the rubber and heating the mixture in the presence of the modifying agent.

18. A new composition of matter comprising a modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halide on a rubber obtained by intimately mixing substantially equal proportions by weight each of a rubber, an aryl phosphine chloride of the structure where R is an aryl radical and a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon and heating the mixture.

19. A new composition of matter comprising a modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halide on a rubber obtained by intimately mixing a rubber with a technical aryl phosphine chloride having at least one aryl radical and at least one chlorine atom attached directly to a trivalent phosphorus atom and consisting of the crude reaction product containing the catalyst complex of an aromatic hydrocarbon and PCls in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst and effecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion by weight of the rubber and heating the mixture.

20. A new composition of matter comprising a modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halideion :india. rubber obtained by intimately mixing india rubber with.- substantially an equal proportion by weight of a technical aryl phosphine chloride having at least one aryl radical and at least one chlorine atom attached directly to a trivalent phosphorus atom and consisting of thecrude reaction productcontaining the;.catalyst; complex of an aromatic hydrocarbon r 1d PCl3-in the'presence ofaluminum chloride-catalyst and-effectinga modification of the zn o i ct; xha n n ma e r n rp0 d the mixture retene in a proportion substantially equal to that of the rubber and-heatingthemixtune.

.21. method oi; mak n a modified c of" the a-option of; .an organic phosphine halide a rzubber which comprises: intimately mixing 7 a rubber with ant organic phosphine halide: having at least one organic radical and at least one halogen atom directly attached to a trivalent phos-: phorus atom and efiecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixturm an aromatic, polynuclear hydrocarbon lat-leastin equal'proportion. of the weight of the r ubber but not more than twice the weig t. of;

the rubber and heating the mixture in thepresenqe. of the .-modif ying agent.

22. The methodof making amodified product of the action of an arylphosphine halide on a rubberrwhichcomprises intimately mixing a rubber with an aryl phosphine halide, having at least one aryl radical and at leastone; halogen atom, directly attached, toia trivalent "phosphorus atom and efiectingamodificationof thelproduct by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon at least in equal proportion of the weight of the rubber but not more than twicethe weight of the rubber and heating the mixture ,in the presence ofthe modifying agent.

23. The method of. makin 4 modified product of the action of anarylphosphine halide on la rubberwhich comprises intimately mixing a rubber, with anv aryl ,phosphine halide of the structure where R is an aryl radical, :r-andg are halogen and effecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion ofthe weight of the rubber and heating themixture in the presence of the; modifying agent.

'24-. The method of making amodifiedproduct .oftheaction of an aryl phosphine halide on a natural rubber which comprises intimately mixingwa natural rubber with an aryl phosphine halide of; the structure where R, is an arylir-adical', It and y are: halogen :and efilecting :a, modification :ofr'the product by having :in'tiniate'1y :inconporated: in the :mixture fanearomatic ipolynuolear:hydrocarboniin substantially equal 1 proportion of: the weight of the rubber and heating the miXtIH'B iTIvthG presence of .the modifyingagent.

.251 The method of'fmakingaaxmodifiedt product ioff'theaction of an. aryl phosphine halide 1011-116- claimed: rubber 'which comprises intimately mixing reclaimed rubber with an aryl :phosphine halide of 'the structure where R is an aryl radical, x and y are halogen and effecting a modification of the product by having intimately incorporated in the mixture an aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbon in substantially equal proportion of the weight of the rubber-animat t e m xtu nthe. r senc Cal ' the mixture.

27. The method of making a, modified product of the action of an aryl phosphine halide on a rubber which comprisesintimately mixing a rubber with a technical aryl phosphine chloride having at least one aryl radical and at least ,0ne,ch1 orine atom attached directly to a tr-ivalent phosphorus atom, and consisting ofthe .crude reaction product containing the catalyst ,complex ofan aromatic hydrocarbon and P613 in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst: and efiectinga modification of l the product by having intimately. incorporated in the mixture a polynucleanaromatic hydrocarbon in substantially equal,proportion by weight of the rubber and heating the mixture.

n28, The method of making .a modified prodnot of. the action, of an aryl phosphine halide on .indiarubberwhich comprises intimately mixing .i ndia' rubberwith: substantially an equal proportion byaweight of a technical aryl phosphine vchlorideuhaving at least onearyl radicaland at .leastone chlorine-atom attached directly to a trivalentphosphorus atom and consisting of the crude reaction product containing the catalyst complex-of anaaromatic hydrocarbonand P.Cls.in

the presence-of aluminum chloride gc-atalyst and 'efiecting avmodification of; the product by havling:intimately-incorporated in the mixture retene irr a -proportion substantially, equal to that .of the rubber and; heating; the mixture.

- GEORGE D. MARTIN. 

